学习前逻辑知识了解：

Clauses(从句)：是复合句中具有从属地位的分句，不能独立成句，充当主句中的某个成分。由连接词/引导词:that who whom when why because if as 等引导的非主句部分。

从句分类：1.形容词性从句~~~定语从句

2. 副词性从句~~~~状语从句

3.名词性从句~~~~a. 主语从句

b. 宾语从句

c.表语从句

d. 同位语从句

Attributive clause:定语从句

一.概念：修饰或限定主句中名词/代词的句子。由关系代词/关系副词引导，相当于形容词，所以又叫形容词性从句。一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词/代词(即先行词}后。

二.分类：限定性和非限定性定语从句

三.结构：

先行词（名词/代词）+关系代/副词+陈述句

关系代词和关系副词：

关系代词 : 指人 指物

Who(主语，宾语） that {主语，宾语}

Whom{宾语} which{主语，宾语}

Whose{定语} whose{定语}

that{主语，宾语} as{主语，宾语}

关系副词： where{地点状语}

When{时间状语}

Why {原因状语}

选择标准：从句不完整，用关系代词;

从句完整， 用关系副词

(Which 指物who 指人，地点where时间when,

that 人物都均可， why 之前是reason)

四. Usage:

1. 关系代词的用法

The man who stands there is my husband. 主语

The man whom I met yesterday is my good friend.宾语

The man whose son is a super star is my uncle. 定语

The book {which/that} I put on desk is mine. 宾语

(Non-restrictive/ non-defining attributive clauses)非限定性定语从句：先行词的附加说明，that 不能引导

Our monitor, who is from Xian , is a tall, rich and husband young man.

Mr. Yang ,whom you met in classroom , is my student.

The girl, whose father is a teacher, works very hard.

This book, which I bought last week, was very interesting.

He forgets to take money with him,as is often the case.

As we all know, the earth is round.

2关系副词的用法：

I will never forget the day when I first came to this school. 时间状语

December 25 was the day when Jesus was born. 时间状语

This is the village where I was born. 地点状语

I dont know the reason why he was absent from class.原因状语

Please tell me the reason why you want to marry him.原因状语

This is the house _where____he lived last year.

This is the house__which/that___I visited last year.

I will never forget the day _when___ I met you.

I will never forget the day __which/that__we spent together.

This is the reason _why___ he went to Xian.

The reason _that/which___you give us is reasonable.

He told her the reason____ he is unhappy,but she doesn’t believe the reason____ he give

定语从句只用that引导的情况

　　先行词为everything，all，little，much等不定代词时;

　　先行词被all，every，no，any，some，little，much，one修饰时;

　　先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时;

　　先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;

　　先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时;

　　先行词有人又有物时;

　　当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。

　　不能用that的情况：

介词 前置时; 非限定性定语从句 中; 先行词本身是that

由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

（主要用于正式文体，在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末）

用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which（指物）和whom（指人）

介词的选择：固定搭配，先行词所表达的含义，介词与动词的关系等。

1.This is the man about whom I talked.(talk about)

2.The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher.（shake hands with Sb.)

3. I’ll never forget the day on which （= when ）I joined the army. 4. The factory in which （= where）his father works is far away from my hometown.(work in)

5.That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize.

6. This is the camera with which he often takes photos.

7.He lives in a room, the window of which faces west.

→He lives in a room, whose window faces west.