英语六级模拟考题答案
Part I Writing
【范文】Be Ready to Help Others
There goes a saying that “Help others and you will be helped when you are in need”, which indicates a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. Hence, my views are illustrated as follows.
First and foremost, take finishing a job as an instance, one can't do all the jobs and complete all the things by himself, and cooperation and a help are needed. What’s more, to help others means to help ourselves. We can't live in the world alone. When we help others in trouble someday, they will do us a favor in return. On the contrary, if we don't offer a help for someone in need, we won't get a help. Last but not least, helping others is not only a good quality, but also a happy thing. We can get much happiness by helping others.
To sum up, just as a proverb goes, the rose's in her hand, the flavor in mine. We should believe that the more we help others, the more benefits we will get in our daily life.
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
Conversation One
M: Hello Angela, I was expecting you. Welcome to the university. Take a seat.
W: Thanks.
M: Now, as you know we held the introductory session yesterday...so I'm going to run through the main points for you again. Just let me see... OK, so you are going on to do a Master's degree?
W: [1] Yes, that's right, I already have a first degree in Economics, so my Master's degree will be in Business Studies and Marketing.
M: Well, I'm sure this preparation course will help you with that! So, let me tell you something about it. Basically, [2] the course is divided into two main components: Academic Writing and Study Skills--both nine hours per week, and in addition you will get two hours of Social English.
W: Oh, that sounds like a lot of hours. I wasn't expecting as many as that! Are there lessons every day?
M: Yes, [3] the Academic Writing classes are in the mornings and the Study Skills sessions are in the afternoons—but not every afternoon, Wednesday is free. And you are free at the weekends, of course.
W: And the Social English?
M: [3] That's in the mornings too—let me give you your timetable and then you will be clear about when your classes are and who will be teaching you.
W: Thanks. Are there a lot of students on this course?
M: Oh, about 35--24 different nationalities--and there are 3 different groups. These groups are divided according to level. Anyway, to get back to the course, [4] the writing classes will focus on academic writing and grammar and you will have to do a final piece of writing at the end of the course.
W: What? You mean like a dissertation, or a long essay?
M: Well, [4] more of a project report, really. So it doesn't have to be too long--usually about 2,000 words, presenting findings from some research you will be expected to do.
1. In which field is Angela going to further her studies?
2. What does the preparation course consist of?
3. When will Angela have classes?
4. For which course will Angela write a project report?
【听前预测】四项为四种专业的名称，可推测该题考查的内容与专业的选择或学习有关。
【解析】对话中女士说，她已经有了经济学学位，所以想进一步攻读商业研究和市场营销的硕士学位，故可知B项正确。
2．D
【听前预测】四个选项分别包含两到三种课程名称，可推测该题是对课程设置的考查。 ．
【解析】男士在介绍预备课程时说，预备课程包含每周各九个课时的学术写作课和学习技巧课，另外还有两个小时的社交英语课程，故可知D项正确。
3. C
【听前预测】四项均是对时间的表述，结合上两题的分析可推测，该题考查的内容可能与上课时间有关。由于选项中出现了morning、afternoon和Wednesday，考生在听音时应对与此有关的内容多加注意并加以区分。
【解析】关于上课时间，男士提到，学术写作课每天上午都有，而学习技巧课在下午，但是星期三下午不上课：社交英语课也是在上午，并告知女士周六日休息。由此可见，女士每周有五个上午和四个下午有课，故C项正确。
4. D
【听前预测】四项均为课程名称，而且其中三项都是女士要修的课程。因此该题可能是细节题，考查某门课程的相关信息。
【解析】对话的结尾处男士说，在写作课结课时，学生需要交一篇论文，并说该论文更像是项目报告，故可知该题选D。
Conversation Two
W: Hmm, hi.
M: Hi, I am going door to door tonight to tell people about the Student Action Union. Do you have a few minutes?
W: Sure. [5] You know, I think I read something in the newspaper last week.
M: Yeah, there was an article about us since the last issue. [6] See, we are trying to protect and conserve some of the open spaces on campus.
W: That's right. You are the group that's opposing the extension of the parking lot next to Smith Hall, right?
M: That's us. We just feel it is important to save some of the natural beauty of the campus. Some of those trees are hundreds of years old.
W: It is a pretty spot.
M: Then you understand how we feel. We are organizing a rally on Thursday afternoon to get the administration to reconsider the parking lot plan.
W: [7] Well, I have a class on Thursday afternoon.
M: But maybe you could sign this petition. We're going to submit it to the administration to demonstrate how the students feel about this.
W: [8] Sure, let me get a pen and I'll sign it.
M: I have a pen right here. And let me leave you this pamphlet about the Student Action Union. Maybe you could come to some of our meetings. We get together once a month.
W: Yeah, I'd like to know more about your group. Let me know when the next meeting is and I'll try to be there.
5. How did the woman first learn about the Student Action Union?
6. What is the Student Action Union trying to do?
7. What will the woman probably do on Thursday afternoon?
8. What does the woman agree to do?
5．D
【听前预测】四项都与女士相关，具体信息须重点听开头处的相关内容。
【解析】男士想宣传有关学生行动联盟的事情，女士说她在上周的报纸上看到过一些，因此答案为D。
6．B
【听前预测】1．四项均以动词原形开头，考查要做某事。2．从选项的student、campus、college administrators可知对话内容很可能与校园相关。结论：本题考查某人要做某事，可能与校园有关。
【解析】男士说学生行动联盟在努力保护校园空地，preserve和protect and conserve意思相近，都有“保护”的意思，因此本题答案为B。
7．A
【听前预测】四项均以动词原形开头，考查某人做某事。听音时注意各项中的不同名词是关键。
【解析】男士说他们周四下午有个集会，但女士说她周四下午要上课，因此答案为A。
8．D
【听前预测】四项均以动词原形开头，考查某人要做某事。重点听结尾处的相关内容。
【解析】男士得知女士去不了集会后，请女士在请愿书上签名，女士同意了，故选D。
Section B
Passage One
【听力原文】
Good morning, everyone. Community service is an important component of education here at our university. [9] We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called "One on One" helps elementary students who've fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it, because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching--that is tutoring in Math and English. You'll have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with Math, English or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. [10] Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors. He'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume too, showing that you have experience with children and that you care about your community. [11] If you'd like to sign up or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week.
9. What is the purpose of the talk?
10. What does Professor Dodge do?
11. What should students interested in the tutorials do?
9．B
【解题思路】
1．四项均以不定式开头，考查目的。
2．两项提到学生(students)，考查内容可能与学生有关。结论：考查做某件事的目的，内容可能涉及学校和学生。
【解析】录音开头提到社区服务是说话人所在大学教育的一个重要组成部分，学校鼓励所有学生在毕业前至少自愿参加一次社区活动，这正是这次演讲的目的所在，下面的内容具体介绍了一项社区服务计划，因此答案为B。
10．A
【解题思路】1．四项均以he开头，首先要明确he的指代对象。2．四项均表示he是做什么的，从选项内容看he很可能是位老师，听录音时可重点关注professor、teacher之类的词。 结论：本题考查的人很可能是位老师，重点要听清他的工作职责。
【解析】录音首次提到Professor Dodge时说他充当的是家教的导师，紧接着说明了他的主要工作：协助家教制订课程计划或提供活动建议，因此答案为A。
11．D
【解题思路】
1．四项均以动词原形开头，考查做某事。
2．从选项看动作的发出者很可能是学生。结论：本题考查的内容可能是学生应该做某事。
【解析】录音最后指明对该计划感兴趣或有疑问的学生应该做什么：本周来道奇教授的办公室咨询．因此本题答案为D. stop by有“顺便走访，访问”的意思。
Passage Two
【听力原文】
Located at the NASA research center in Iowa, there is a 5000 gallon container of water. And inside the tank is an underwater tread wheel designed by Davan Newman, an aerospace engineer. For four years, Newman observed divers as they simulated walking on the moon and on Mars on her underwater moving belt. She wanted to discover how the gravity of the moon and of Mars would affect human movement. [12] To do this, Newman attached weights to the divers and then lowered them into the tank and onto the tread wheel. These weights were carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience underwater the gravity of the moon and of Mars as they walked on the tread wheel. [13] Newman concluded that walking on Mars will probably be easier than walking on the moon. The moon has less gravity than Mars does. So at lunar gravity the divers struggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly. But at Martian gravity, the divers had greater traction and stability and could easily adjust to a pace of 1.5 miles per hour. [l4] As Newman gradually increased the speed of the tread wheel, the divers took longer, graceful strides until they comfortably settled into an even quicker pace. Newman also noted that at Martian gravity, the divers needed less oxygen. The data New man collected will help in the future design of Martian spacesuits. [15] Compare to lunar spacesuits, Martian spacesuits will require smaller air tanks. And to allow for freer movement, the elbow and knee areas of the spacesuits will also be altered.
12. What did Newman change so that the divers could experience different gravity levels?
13. Why will Martian spacesuits be designed differently from lunar spacesuits?
14. What happened to the divers at Martian gravity when the speed of the tread wheel was increased?
15. What is one way that the design of Martian spacesuits will differ from lunar spacesuits?
12．C
【解题思路】
1．三项提到了水(water)或潜水员(diver)，本题可能跟水有关。
2．四项各表示一个因素。
结论：本题考查与水有关的一个因素。
【解析】录音开头提到了一个水下踏车，纽曼用它来观察模仿在月球和火星行走的潜水员。纽曼想发现月球和火星的引力如何影响人类行动。当潜水员在水下踏车上行走的时候，她通过调整系在潜水员身上的重量来使其感受月球和火星的引力，因此答案为C。
13．A
【解题思路】四项都有关月球和火星上的不同，须重点听清相关部分。
【解析】纽曼通过实验得出结论：在火星上行走可能比在月球上行走容易，因此答案为A。
14．D
【解题思路】四个选项都以they开头，且从选项看they很可能指前面提到的divers，每个选项分别描述的是一种实验结果。
【解析】当纽曼逐渐提高踏车的速度时，潜水员步伐更大，姿势更优美，直至他们轻易地适应更快的行走速率，因此答案为D。
15．C
【解题思路】四个选项分别表示火星服的某项特点，听录音时重点抓住Martian spacesuits。
【解析】录音最后提到火星服的特点：与月球服相比，火星服只需要体积更小的氧气罐，而且为了更自由的活动，太空服的肘部和膝部也将改变，这意味着火星服会更具灵活性，适合活动，因此答案为C。
Section C
Recording One
【听力原文】
Moderator:
Hello, Ladies and Gentleman. I am very pleased to introduce our keynote speaker today, Dr. David Henry. [16] Dr. Henry, the lead researcher from Birmingham University, has published a great many essays and works concerning the functions of the brain. Dr. Henry, please!
Dr. Henry:
Thank you for the introduction. Today, I'd like to talk about a discovery about our brain, that is, remembering makes us forget. Members of my research team watched the volunteers remember one memory which in turn caused them to forget another.
In the experiments we were interested in how the brain creates forgetting. And the challenge was that it's been quite hard to study forgetting because you can't really tell. So what you need to find is something in the brain that tells us what exactly a subject or participant is remembering at a given moment. [17] So we developed a method that actually allowed us to track individual memories in the brain. We could directly watch the brain while it forgets. And that was quite exciting for us.
[18] In our experiment, we used images which are all like famous people's faces or well-known places around the world or everyday objects, because they are quite well-known to our subjects already. So they are easier to remember in the first place. But also and probably more importantly we found that these picture solicit quite a distinct signature in the brain. So we can actually tell just based on a participant's brain activity.
You may ask what we have found when we looked at those signatures. Well, they told us when there were words that triggered a memory of two pictures at the same time, the more often we asked participants to only remember one of these pictures, the more we saw the brain picture of that or the brain pattern representing that picture coming up in the brain, but also the more the competing or irrelevant pictures were suppressed by the brain. And that suppression ultimately led people to forget those memories at a later point. So the basic phenomenon which always surprises people that namely that remembering causes forgetting has been known for quite a while. And it's been published in the 1990s. [19] But the new thing about our study is really that we can actually watch the mechanism behind it. So we can watch the brain while it suppresses memories that it doesn't need any more.
16. What does the introduction say about Dr. David Henry's essays and works?
17. What was the function of the method the researchers developed?
18. Why did researchers use images of familiar things in the experiment?
19. What can we learn from the research conducted by Dr. Henry's team?
16．C
【解题思路】四项均以they开头，且均为一般现在时的描述性句子。本题考查的内容应该是关于主语they的相关情况，听录音时应首先弄清they的指代对象，进而将重点放四项的关键信息上(habits affect our behavior，issues facing office workers，functions of the brain，how memories are developed)。
【解析】讲座开头部分提到亨利博士是伯明翰大学的首席研究员，出版过众多有关大脑机能的论文和著作，因此可以得出C项为正确答案。A、B两项文中未提及，故排除。讲座内容虽然与记忆有关，但并未提到亨利博士的论文和著作揭示了记忆是如何产生的，故D项应排除。
17．A
【解题思路】四项均以it开头，且均为一般过去时的描述性句子。本题考查的内容应该是关于主语it的相关情况，听录音时应首先听清it的指代对象，进而将重点放四项的关键信息上(track participants’ memories，provided exciting images，stimulated volunteers’ memories，caused subjects to forget their memories)。
【解析】讲座中先提到了研究中遇到的挑战，接着提到，研究者设计了一种方法，让他们能真正追踪个人的大脑记忆。由此可知，该方法使研究人员能够追踪实验参与者的记忆，故A项为正确答案。其他三项均与讲座内容不符。
18．B
【解题思路】四项均以because开头，推断题目问的是某事的原因。要特别注意因果关系处。听音时着重先弄清they的指代对象，进而将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上(bring a special feeling，produce a desirable experimental result．stimulate participants’ bold imagination，evoke sweet memories)。
【解析】讲座中提到，在实验中，研究者使用了类似名人头像、世界名胜或者日常用品的图片。接着解释了这样做的原因：首先，因为这些东西对实验对象来说已经非常熟悉，因此它们更容易被记住；其次，更重要的是这些图片能够在大脑的特定部分激发出明显的信号，因此只需通过参与者的大脑活动即可做出判断。结合四个选项，可知B项准确地概括了文意，故答案为B。其他三项文中均未提及，应排除。
19．D
【解题思路】四项均为陈述性语句，且为一般现在时，四个选项相对独立。本题应该是对文章细节的考查。听音时应注意对细节信息的提取，并将重点放在四项的关键信息上(words trigger a memory better，occurs in an instant，brain activity is suppressed，watch how the brain suppressed memories)。
【解析】讲座的结尾部分提到，该项研究的新颖之处在于能够真切地观察到这种现象背后的机制，研究者们可以观察到大脑抑制它不需要的记忆的过程。可知答案为D。讲座中并未对言语和图片进行比较，故排除A项。讲座中提到，这种抑制最终使人们在后来逐渐淡忘那些记忆，可知遗忘并非瞬间发生的，故排除B项。当一些言语让参与者同时想到两幅图片时，研究者越提醒参与者只记住其中的一幅，就越容易看到这幅图片的脑象图或者代表这幅图的大脑模式，而其他参与竞争或不相关的图片则受到大脑的抑制，由此可以推知是在研究人员发出言语指令后，部分区域才受到大脑抑制，C项不符合文意，也应排除。
Recording Two
【听力原文】
Lack of access to clean water and basic sanitation is one of the most pressing problems facing the developing world today．These two interrelated requirements are fundamental to healthy lives and prosperous communities，yet nearly 783 million people worldwide do not have access to clean drinking water，and more than 2．5 billion people do not have access to safe sanitation for adequate disposal of human waste．
[20]The consequences of inadequate access to water and sanitation are tremendous—diarrhea-related illness and disease，poor quality of life，public and environmental health problems，and low economic growth，but also factors that are far harder to quantify，like dignity and security．Nearly two million people die from diarrhea each year．many of them children under the age of five，living in the developing world．As me global population continues to shift toward urban areas，the challenge of ensuring access to water and sanitation is only expected to become more complex．
India is a case in point．Although the booming economy of the past decades has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of extreme poverty，rapid urbanization and an inadequate water delivery system and sanitation infrastructure are hindering further development．[21]Thus，sanitation and clean water are the Government of India’s top developmental priority．
When President Barack Obama and India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi met in Washington in early October，they signed an agreement that will help bring clean water and sanitation services to all Indians．Consequently，in early November，U．S．Agency for International Development，or USAID，Administrator Rajiv Shah announced a new financial commitment of up to$20 million to support water and sanitation efforts in India．Shah also announced a new Urban Water，Sanitation，and Hygiene，or WASH，Knowledge Partnership with the Indian Ministry of Urban Development．[22]Under the partnership，the United States and India，in cooperation with other key partners such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation，will share expertise and best global practices，and demonstrate innovative models in urban water and sanitation．Shah also announced USAID support for a new multi—stakeholder union that will stimulate a nationwide movement around healthy WASH behaviors．
“Together．”said USAID Administrator Rajiv Shah，“we are working to unlock opportunity for India’s most vulnerable people and pioneer solutions that will help end extreme poverty across the globe．"
20．What does the speaker say about the consequences of inadequate access to water and sanitation?
21．What do we know about India’s economy from the recording?
22．What is WASH Knowledge Partnership going to do?
20．C
【解题思路】四项均以it开头，且均为描述性句子，谓语动词均为表示“引起(某种结果)”的意思。本题考查的内容应该是关于主语it的相关情况，可能考查某事产生的结果或影响。听录音时应将重点放在四项的关键信息上(suffer from diseases，two billion people die from，poor quality of life and environmental health problems，economic growth)。
【解析】讲话前半部分提到，用水和卫生设施不足所产生的影响非常巨大，接下来具体解释其影响：不但会导致与腹泻相关的疾病、较差的生活质量、公共与环境卫生问题以及较低的经济增长水平，而且会导致一些更难以衡量的问题，比如尊严和安全问题。因此可以得出C项为正确答案。文中还提到，每年有近200万人死于腹泻，其中很多都是生活在发展中国家的五岁以下的儿童，由此可排除选项A和B；D项在讲话中并未提及，也可排除。
21．D
【解题思路】四项均为一般现在时的描述性句子，表示某种结果；两项提到India；四项均出现与经济发展有关的词汇(shake off poverty，rapid urbanization，a rapid economic development)。本题考查的内容应该与印度的经济发展有关，听录音时应将重点放在每项的关键词语上(shake off poverty．rapid urbanization．embrace a rapid economic development, put the priority on sanitation and clean water)。
【解析】讲话前半部分提到，尽管过去几十年印度繁荣发展的经济已经帮助成千上万人摆脱了赤贫，但是快速城市化以及用水供应系统和卫生基础设施的不足正在阻碍该国经济的进一步发展。因此．卫生设施和清洁用水是印度政府发展议程的头等大事。由此可以得出D项为正确答案。A项为干扰选项．文中只是说繁荣发展的经济帮助成千上万印度人民摆脱了贫困，并非所有印度人。快速城市化只是阻碍印度经济发展的因素之一，但并非最大的因素，故排除B项；C项与原文内容相悖，可排除。
22．A
【解题思路】四项主语均以it开头；四项的谓语动词均为表示某种作用的词汇(win share，will help．will demonstrate，will provide)，由此推断题目可能考查某种事物的作用或意义。听录音时应将重点放在每项的关键词语上(share expertise and global practices, bring clean water and sanitation services to．demonstrate innovative models，provide funds)。
【解析】讲话后半部分提到，沙阿还与印度城市开发部联合宣布将成立新的水清洁卫生(WASH)知识联盟，在联盟关系下，美国和印度，以及其他诸如比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会等关键联盟伙伴将一起分享有关城市供水和卫生方面的专业知识和全球最佳实践案例，并且还会展示创新模式。因此可以得出A项为正确答案。C项为干扰项，用environmental pollution替换了原文中的urban water，不符合文意。故排除。其他两项的干扰性比较强，文中确实提到B项“为全体印度人民带来清洁用水和卫生服务设施”以及D项“为印度的用水和卫生建设工作提供资金支持”的内容，但前者是美国总统和印度总理签署的一项协议的内容，后者为美国国际开发署署长所宣布的财政支援计划的内容，故均可排除。
Recording Three
【听力原文】
Artist Tie sheng Dai is one of the few Chinese residents remaining in the U．S．capital’s Chinatown．He used to have two art galleries．But rent hikes forced him to close both of them．A sign outside the building is the only evidence they existed．
The area’s housing costs have been pushed up over the years by other ethnic groups flooding in．The Chinese population has shrunk from a high of 3，000 to around 300 today．[23]Chinatown began to develop decades ago．as new immigrants moved there because most of them faced language and cultural barriers in other neighborhoods．
Tom Fong，vice chairman of the local chapter of the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association，says things gradually changed．“As quickly as the kids they bring over assimilate the English language，the parents actually lean on them. We don't actually need a Chinatown English speaking translator or liaison to help get us there.” Most of the current Chinese residents have low incomes and receive government subsidies. Many live in Museum Square, one of Chinatown's two affordable apartment houses. [24] But the government subsidy for this complex expires in October, and the owner plans to replace the building with modern high. Rise apartments. So the residents are being forced to move out.
Dai, the artist, has lived here for almost nine years. He says the remaining residents don't want to move." Some families with three generations are living together. Some of them have been here longer than me, for more than ten years. Some for 20 some years."
If affordable housing is no longer available, the residents may not be able to stay in the Chinatown area, according to Derek Hyra, the director of American University's Metropolitan Policy Center. Hyra says without Chinese residents, the local government cannot promote Chinatown as an authentic ethnic tourist attraction. "I think that cities that are more racially tolerant and ethnically and racially diverse tend to be the places that have the most innovation. There is association between diversity and economic development."
[25] And Tom Fong says, when it comes to retaining Chinese culture, Chinatown matters. "My hope is that my kids and their kids will still have that touchstone of Chinatown to be a part of and come down here toper form lion dance, and to do Kong Fu and spread our culture, to retain our culture for generations to come."
23. Why have many new immigrants moved to Chinatown over the past decades?
24. What does the house owners of Museum Square intend to do without government subsidy?
25. What kind of role does Chinatown play in Chinese culture according to Tom Fong?
23.B
【解题思路】四项均以they开头，且都是一般过去时的描述性句子。本题考查的内容应该是关于主语they的相关情况，听录音时将重点放在四项的关键信息上(housing costs，language and cultural barriers，Chinese culture，government subsidy)。
【解析】讲话前面部分提到，几十年前多数新移民因在其他居住区会遇到语言及文化障碍而涌入唐人街。由此可知，选项B是正确答案。
24．C
【解题思路】四项均以they开头，且都是一般现在时的描述性句子；三项含有表示计划的词汇(plan to，are going to，intend to)。本题应该考查的是they的打算，听音时要首先弄清楚they的指代对象，然后再根据题目作进一步判断。
【解析】讲话中间部分提到，政府将于十月停止对这一公寓楼群的补助，房东们则计划将其变成现代化的高层公寓。由此可知，没有政府补助，博物馆区的房主打算将房屋改建成高层公寓，故正确答案是C。其他三项文中均未提及，可排除。
25．A
【解题思路】四项均以Chinatown开头，且三项提到Chinese culture。本题考查的应该是Chinatown和Chinese culture之间的关系，听音时将重点放在四项的关键词上(preserving Chinese culture，Sino-foreign cultural exchanges，spread Chinese culture，experience Chinese culture)。
【解析】讲话后半部分提到，汤姆·方表示，当谈到维系中国文化时，唐人街举足轻重，同时又进一步指出：" 我希望我的孩子和他们的孩子仍然能够拥有像唐人街这样的地标，并且成为它的一部分，来这里舞狮、练中国功夫、传播文化，将我们的文化代代相传。”由此可知，汤姆·方认为唐人街在维系中国文化方面很重要。故正确答案是A。其他三个选项本身的表述没有错误，但文中没有涉及，故排除。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
26.D空格前为形容词daily，空格后为连词and和an amount，分析句子结构可知，此处应填入一个名词。原文提到，俄罗斯和美国宇航员被要求减少摄取饮食中的热量，被减少的热量相当于三杯可乐的热量，大约减少了他们日常的10%，显然破折号前面的daily diet和此处的daily 表达相同的含义，结合选项可知daily allowance最合适，意为“每日供给量”。
27.C 空格前为have，空格后为blamed，判断此处应该填一个副词。选项中可以修饰blame的只有severely “严厉地”。
28. A 空格前为不定冠词a，判断此处应该填一个名词。分析句子结构可知，an of meat and milk和a surplus of juice and confectionery为并列结构，故此处应填一个和surplus相对或者相近的名词，结合选项，此处可填入 deficit，意为“不足”。
29. L空格前出现了系动词is，空格后为for the crew，此处要表达下一阶段的12月24日的发射对自从10月份就驻扎在太空轨道中的宇航员们来说是…，结合选项中给出的形容词，只有vital合适，意为“重要的”。
30. J 空格前为不定式符号to，后为介词with，分析此处应填入动词原形，且与with构成搭配。根据上下文语境：在12月21日，它将和国际空间站…，动词选项中只有dock符合文意，dock with为固定结构，意为“与 对接”。
31. O 空格前为动词，空格后为名词，分析此处应填一个形容词，来修饰空格后的名词。此处指出，如果他们没有收到供给，宇航员就不得不返回地球，结合选项中的形容词，此处填入fresh符合句意，fresh supplies意为 “新鲜供应”，也指“新增补给”。
32. G 空格前为have to,空格后为the station，分析此处应填一个动词原形。此处语境为：但如果他们没有收到新鲜的供给，宇航员就不得不…空间站并返回到位于地球的联盟号宇宙飞船中。回到地球，肯定就要“离开”空间 站，选项中只有表示“离开，撤离”。
33.F 空格前为形容词性物主代词its(指美国的)，空后为名词fleet，显然its fleet要表达的是“美国的 舰队”。此处语境为：自哥伦比亚号失事后，美国停飞了它的……，而这两年的时间里俄罗斯一直是国际空间站的唯一的生命线。此处显然要填表示“飞机;飞船” 的单词，shuttle fleet意为“航天飞机”，为固定搭配，符合句意。
34. B 空格前有助动词has,空格后为介词of,判断空处应填一个动词的过去分词，且可与of搭配。此处要表达：俄罗斯经常…它独自维持国际空间站运营的财政困难，结合选项，俄罗斯显然是在“抱怨”，complain of...意 为“抱怨……”，符合句意。
35. K 空格前为情态动词could，空格后为in May，判断此处应填一个不及物动词。此句意为“官员说道，航天飞机会在五月…，但同时，俄罗斯会继续发射载人和载物飞船。”结合选项只有resume符合文意，意为“重新开始 (飞行)”。
Section B
36. E 本题是对E段最后一句话的同义转述。定位关键词是Earthquake-related fatalities。原文用it’s not...that claims lives; it’s...结构指出“通常不是地壳晃 动引起的死亡，而是伴随而来的房屋倒塌或其他自然灾害导致的死亡”， 题目用...be caused by...not by...结构表达了同样的意思。
37. C 本题是对C段最后两句的归纳，题目将两句话的含义概括为一句话。定位关键词是 movements of the earth’s plates, volcanic eruptions, meteor impacts。
38. D 本题是对D段的总结。定位关键词是get our attention。D段首句就提到每天都会发生地震，最后一句提到只有大地震才能引起人们的注意，本题就是 对这两句话的概括。
39. A 本题是对A段最后两句的同义转述。定位关键词是shatter。题目中的the ground beneath their feet同义转述了原文中的the ground we stand on。
40. N本题是对N段最后两句的概括。定位关键词是better ways。文章最后一句提到，我们能做的就是增加我们对地震的认识，寻找更好的方法来应对它， 与题干表达一致。
41. K 本题是对K段第三句的同义转述。定位关键词是hardly predictable。原文提到：虽然我们对地震有了更深的了解，但地震仍然不受我们的控制，地震 是无法预测的，人们不可能得知地震什么时候会发生，表达与题干一致。
42. B 本题是对B段第三、四句的同义转述。定位关键词是cause earthquakes。题目中的found out同义转述了原文中的identified。
43. L 本题是对L段最后两句的概括。定位关键词是designed。原文提到：过去50年我们在应对地震方面取得了进步，尤其是在建筑工程领域。我们用特殊 材料加固房屋以应对地震的破坏，我们设计足够灵活的房屋，确保地震不 会导致房屋倒塌，这与题干表达的完全一致。
44. F 本题是F段中举例的一部分。定位关键词是the theory of plate tectonics。原文提到科学家用the idea of plate tectonics解释很多现象，其中之一就是the apparent movement of continents over time。
45.I 本题是对I段最后一句的同义转述。定位关键词是convergent plate boundaries。题干中的refer to与原文中的are called属于同义转述。
Section C
46.从文中可以推测出，如果中东人太接近美国人，美国人多半会____D____。
A) 站立不动
B) 跳到一旁
C) 走上前
D)退后
解析：文章第2段提到，我们喜欢和其他人保持至少3英尺或一臂之长的距离。但拉丁人和中东人却喜欢站得很近，身体互相接触，而这使美国人很不舒服。由此可推断，如双方靠得太近，美国人定会向后退。因此，D与文中所陈述的意思一致，故而正确。
47.作者给出了很多例子来批评美国人，认为他们_______A________。
A) 在文化上以自我为中心
B) 行为很随便
C) 对外国游客很冷漠
D) 对其他的文化很无知
解析：作者在文章的开篇就提出了沦点，即我们的文化观使大多数美国人认为自己的语言世界通用，自己的手势人皆明白，但这种观点是错误的。围绕此论点，作者举出了数个例子驳斥美国人这种以自我为中心的文化观。因此，A与作者所阐述的观点一致。其余三项都是这种文化观所引起的后果。
48.在别的国家，大部分美国人_______B________。
A) 被当地人所孤立
B) 不知道发生了什么事情，因为有语言障碍
C) 能跟当地人和谐相处
D) 在酒店和餐馆都需要口译员的帮助
解析：第5段提到.每次出国，我们一般都食宿在说英语的那些宾馆和饭店中，人们对我们的态度和我们所获得的信息都是由说英语的本地人——通常是富人决定的。我们的生意往来、国家的外交活动也是通过翻译才能进行。因此，B与文中所陈述的意思相符，故正确。A的信息在文中并没有提及;C与文章所提及的观点相悖;D与文中所给的意思不符。
49.作者认为，美国人的闭塞性和语言上的无知会______C_______。
A)影响他们在新世纪的形象
B)将他们与外界世界隔开来
C)限制他们在世界事务上的作用
D)削弱美元的地位
解析：第6段和第7段提到，但这一切已成为过去，美元已不再能购买所有的好东西，美国人也开始慢慢地意识到他们在世界的地位正在改变。结合第3段提到的“在语言和文化上的盲目性……正使我们在世界上失去朋友、生意和人们的尊重”，可推断，美国人的作用已受到限制，C与文章所阐述的观点一致，故正确。A的信息在文章中并没有提及,B与文章所陈述的意思相悖;D只是一种次要的影响。
50.作者写这篇文章是为了让美国人意识到_________D___________。
A) 忽视外国朋友是很危险的
B) 保持美国在世界事务上的领导地位是很重要的
C) 在公共场合使用多种语言是必要的
D) 是时候与其他文化打成一片
解析：题目询问作者写这篇文章是要使美国人意识到什么。作者在文章的开篇就批评了大多数美国人心目中的一种错误的文化观，即美国的语言世界通用。接着又指出这种文化观所引起的语言和文化上的盲目性和随意性使美国人在世界上失去了朋发、生意和人们的尊重。美国在国际事物中的领先地位也正在失去。由此可看出作者的写作意图是要美国人克服这种文化上的盲目性，了解世界的文化。因此，D与作者的意图相符。
51.C)。
本题考查对水资源科学家警示的理解。定位段指出，一些水科学带头人发布了一个关于全球粮食供应的最高级警报，指出为了避免灾难性的粮食紧缺，在未来的四十年，世界人口的饮食可能不得不几乎全转换为素食，故答案为C)。
52. D)。
本题考查科学家对于增加食物供应量的建议。定位句指出，科学家指出，素食的饮食习惯是在逐渐不稳定的气候条件下增加用来生产更多的食物的可用水资源总量的一种选择，故答案为D)。
53.A)。
本题考查对水资源科学家研究报告的理解。文中第四段第一句指出，科学家们说： “尽管人均粮食产量在持续增加，但仍有9亿人正在挨饿，20亿人营养不良，故答案为A)。
54. C)。
本题考查科学家对于水资源供给的 态度。文中第六段第一句指出，报告中提到，“联合国预测，到本世纪中叶，我们必须增加70%的粮食产量。这会给本就紧张的水资源造成更大的压力”。第三句 指出，“与此同时，我们需要分配更多的水资源来满足世界能源的需求”，故答案为C)。
55. A)
本题考查解决撒哈拉以南非洲地区及南亚缺水问题的最佳途径。定位段指出，在撒哈拉以南非洲地区和南亚地区，防止农民遭受粮食危机的最好方法是帮助他们投资建造小型水泵和使用简单的技术，这远远好于开发昂贵的、大规模的灌溉工程，故答案为A)。
Part IV Translation
Chinese Classical Garden the Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural. “When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers. “Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.
